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Planck 2018 results: VII. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB

Y. Akrami 1 M. Ashdown J. Aumont C. Baccigalupi M. Ballardini A. J. Banday 2, * R. B. Barreiro N. Bartolo S. Basak K. Benabed 3 M. Bersanelli 4 P. Bielewicz J. J. Bock 5 J. R. Bond 6 J. Borrill 7 F. R. Bouchet 8 F. Boulanger 9, 10 M. Bucher 11 C. Burigana R. C. Butler E. Calabrese J.-F. Cardoso 12 B. Casaponsa H. C. Chiang L. P. L. Colombo C. Combet 13, 14 D. Contreras B. P. Crill P. de Bernardis 15 G. de Zotti J. Delabrouille 16, 17 J.-M. Delouis 3 E. Di Valentino J. M. Diego O. Doré 18 M. Douspis 19 A. Ducout X. Dupac G. Efstathiou F. Elsner 20 T. A. Enßlin H. K. Eriksen Y. Fantaye R. Fernandez-Cobos F. Finelli M. Frailis A. A. Fraisse E. Franceschi A. Frolov 21 S. Galeotta S. Galli 22 K. Ganga 17 R. T. Génova-Santos M. Gerbino T. Ghosh 19 J. González-Nuevo K. M. Górski 18, * A. Gruppuso J. E. Gudmundsson J. Hamann W. Handley F. K. Hansen D. Herranz E. Hivon 3 Z. Huang 23 A. H. Jaffe W. C. Jones E. Keihänen R. Keskitalo K. Kiiveri J. Kim N. Krachmalnicoff M. Kunz H. Kurki-Suonio G. Lagache 19 J.-M. Lamarre 24 A. Lasenby M. Lattanzi 25 C. R. Lawrence M. Le Jeune 17 F. Levrier 24 M. Liguori P. B. Lilje V. Lindholm M. López-Caniego Y.-Z. Ma J. F. Macías-Pérez 26 G. Maggio D. Maino N. Mandolesi A. Mangilli 2 A. Marcos-Caballero M. Maris P. G. Martin E. Martínez-González * S. Matarrese 27 N. Mauri J. D. Mcewen P. R. Meinhold A. Mennella M. Migliaccio M.-A. Miville-Deschênes 28 D. Molinari A. Moneti 3 L. Montier 2 G. Morgante A. Moss P. Natoli L. Pagano 19 D. Paoletti B. Partridge F. Perrotta V. Pettorino 29 F. Piacentini G. Polenta J.-L. Puget 19 J. P. Rachen M. Reinecke M. Remazeilles 30 A. Renzi G. Rocha 18 C. Rosset 17 G. Roudier 24, 17 J. A. Rubiño-Martín B. Ruiz-Granados L. Salvati 19 M. Savelainen D. Scott 31 E. P. S. Shellard C. Sirignano R. Sunyaev A.-S. Suur-Uski J. A. Tauber D. Tavagnacco M. Tenti L. Toffolatti M. Tomasi 32 T. Trombetti L. Valenziano J. Valiviita B. van Tent 33 P. Vielva * F. Villa N. Vittorio B. D. Wandelt 3 I. K. Wehus A. Zacchei J. P. Zibin A. Zonca
* Corresponding author
1 LPENS (UMR_8023) - Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris
2 IRAP - Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie
3 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
4 Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie]
5 Computing and Mathematical Sciences [Pasadena]]
6 CITA - Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
7 LBNL - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley]
8 PLH - Patrimoine, Littérature, Histoire
9 LRI - Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique
10 CentraleSupélec
11 University of Cologne
12 Universidade Aberta [Lisboa]
13 UNICANCER/CRCL - Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon
14 Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]
15 Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza]
16 IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers
17 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
18 JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory
19 IAS - Institut d'astrophysique spatiale
20 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris
21 Laboratory for Phytosanitary Diagnostics and Forecasts, All-Russian Institute for Plant Protection
22 APC (UMR_7164) - AstroParticule et Cosmologie
23 AOSS - Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor]
24 LERMA (UMR_8112) - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique
25 ICRA and Physics Department
26 LPSC - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie
27 Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Galilei"
28 CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
29 AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation
30 University of Manchester [Manchester]
31 UBC - University of British Columbia
32 NBCM - Laboratoire de neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire
33 IJCLab - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie
Abstract : Analysis of the Planck 2018 data set indicates that the statistical properties of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropies are in excellent agreement with previous studies using the 2013 and 2015 data releases. In particular, they are consistent with the Gaussian predictions of the ΛCDM cosmological model, yet also confirm the presence of several so-called “anomalies” on large angular scales. The novelty of the current study, however, lies in being a first attempt at a comprehensive analysis of the statistics of the polarization signal over all angular scales, using either maps of the Stokes parameters, Q and U, or the E-mode signal derived from these using a new methodology (which we describe in an appendix). Although remarkable progress has been made in reducing the systematic effects that contaminated the 2015 polarization maps on large angular scales, it is still the case that residual systematics (and our ability to simulate them) can limit some tests of non-Gaussianity and isotropy. However, a detailed set of null tests applied to the maps indicates that these issues do not dominate the analysis on intermediate and large angular scales (i.e., ℓ ≲ 400). In this regime, no unambiguous detections of cosmological non-Gaussianity, or of anomalies corresponding to those seen in temperature, are claimed. Notably, the stacking of CMB polarization signals centred on the positions of temperature hot and cold spots exhibits excellent agreement with the ΛCDM cosmological model, and also gives a clear indication of how Planck provides state-of-the-art measurements of CMB temperature and polarization on degree scales.
Keywords : cosmology: observations cosmic background radiation polarization methods: data analysis methods: statistical
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Y. Akrami, M. Ashdown, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, M. Ballardini, et al.. Planck 2018 results: VII. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB. Astronomy and Astrophysics - A&A, EDP Sciences, 2020, 641, pp.A7. ⟨10.1051/0004-6361/201935201⟩. ⟨cea-02936949⟩

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