Oriented thick films of block copolymer made by multiple successive coatings: perforated lamellae versus oriented lamellae
Abstract
Building 3D ordered nanostructures by copolymer deposition on a substrate implies a full control beyond the thin film regime. We have used here block copolymers (BCPs) forming bulk lamellar phases to form thick, i.e. much thicker than the lamellar period, structured films on a substrate. Films are formed by a simple method of multiple successive coatings. The film structure is controlled using the combined action of surface templating and annealing time. Sections of the thick layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after etching of one of the BCP moieties. We show that perfect hexagonally perforated films (HPL) with lamellae parallel to the substrate are formed for a wide thickness range up to 300 nm. Grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) confirms such an organization by revealing that perforations sit on a hexagonal lattice. A lamellar organization perpendicular to the substrate is shown to take over for thicker films. A scenario consistent with our observations is proposed, where the sequence of phases results from the balance between surface and stretching energy effects.