Journal articles

Euclid preparation: V. Predicted yield of redshift 7 < z < 9 quasars from the wide survey

R. Barnett ^* S. J. Warren D. J. Mortlock J.-G. Cuby ¹ C. Conselice P. C. Hewett C. J. Willott N. Auricchio A. Balaguera-Antolínez M. Baldi S. Bardelli F. Bellagamba R. Bender A. Biviano ² D. Bonino E. Bozzo E. Branchini ³ M. Brescia J. Brinchmann C. Burigana S. Camera V. Capobianco C. Carbone ⁴ J. Carretero C. S. Carvalho ^{5, 6} F. J. Castander M. Castellano S. Cavuoti A. Cimatti ⁷ R. Clédassou ⁸ G. Congedo L. Conversi Y. Copin ⁹ L. Corcione J. Coupon H. M. Courtois ⁹ M. Cropper ¹⁰ A. da Silva C. A. J. Duncan S. Dusini A. Ealet ^{11, 9} S. Farrens ¹² P. Fosalba S. Fotopoulou N. Fourmanoit ¹¹ M. Frailis M. Fumana S. Galeotta B. Garilli ¹³ W. Gillard ¹¹ B. R. Gillis ¹⁴ J. Graciá-Carpio ¹⁵ F. Grupp H. Hoekstra F. Hormuth H. Israel K. Jahnke S. Kermiche ¹¹ M. Kilbinger ¹⁶ C. C. Kirkpatrick ¹⁷ T. Kitching R. Kohley B. Kubik ¹⁸ M. Kunz H. Kurki-Suonio ¹⁹ R. Laureijs S. Ligori P. B. Lilje I. Lloro E. Maiorano O. Mansutti O. Marggraf N. Martinet ²⁰ F. Marulli ²¹ R. Massey N. Mauri E. Medinaceli S. Mei ²² Y. Mellier ²³ R. B. Metcalf J. J. Metge ⁸ G. Meylan M. Moresco ²⁴ L. Moscardini E. Munari C. Neissner S. M. Niemi T. Nutma C. Padilla S. Paltani F. Pasian P. Paykari ¹⁰ W. J. Percival ²⁵ V. Pettorino ²⁶ G. Polenta ²⁷ M. Poncet ⁸ L. Pozzetti ²⁸ F. Raison A. Renzi J. Rhodes H.-W. Rix E. Romelli M. Roncarelli E. Rossetti ²⁹ R. Saglia D. Sapone R. Scaramella P. Schneider ³⁰ V. Scottez ³¹ A. Secroun ¹¹ S. Serrano G. Sirri L. Stanco F. Sureau ²⁶ P. Tallada-Crespí D. Tavagnacco ² A. N. Taylor ³² M. Tenti I. Tereno R. Toledo-Moreo F. Torradeflot L. Valenziano ³³ T. Vassallo ³⁴ Y. Wang ³⁵ A. Zacchei G. Zamorani J. Zoubian ¹¹ E. Zucca ³⁶

* Corresponding author

1 AMU - Aix Marseille Université

2 OAT - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste

3 DF-Roma3 - Dipartimento de Fisica Roma Tre

4 CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Bologna]

5 I2BC - Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule

6 SEN - Sénescence et stabilité génomique

DBG - Département Biologie des Génomes

7 Dipartimento di Astronomia

8 CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]

9 IP2I Lyon - Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon

10 MSSL - Mullard Space Science Laboratory

11 CPPM - Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille

12 IRFU - Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers

13 IASF-MI - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano

14 ROE - Royal Observatory Edinburgh

15 MPE - Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

16 DAP - Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP)

17 Department of Physics [Helsinki]

18 IPNL - Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon

19 Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki

20 LAM - Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille

21 UNIBO - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna]

22 LERMA (UMR_8112) - Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères

23 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris

24 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Bologna]

25 University of Waterloo [Waterloo]

26 AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112) - Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation

27 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Roma Tor Vergata

28 OABO - INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna

29 DSA3 - Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia

30 Department of Biochemistry [Lausanne]

31 IAP - Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris

32 DEMR, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Palaiseau]

33 ARENA - Antarctic Research a European Network for Astrophysics

34 BMBI - Biomécanique et Bioingénierie

35 Continental Dynamics Laboratory [CAGS Beijing]

CAGS - Institute of Geology [CAGS Beijing]

36 Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland

Abstract : We provide predictions of the yield of 7 < z < 9 quasars from the Euclid wide survey, updating the calculation presented in the Euclid Red Book in several ways. We account for revisions to the Euclid near-infrared filter wavelengths; we adopt steeper rates of decline of the quasar luminosity function (QLF; $\Phi$) with redshift, $\Phi$ ∝ 10$^{k(z−6)}$, $k$ = −0.72, and a further steeper rate of decline, $k$ = −0.92; we use better models of the contaminating populations (MLT dwarfs and compact early-type galaxies); and we make use of an improved Bayesian selection method, compared to the colour cuts used for the Red Book calculation, allowing the identification of fainter quasars, down to $J_{AB}$ $\sim$23. Quasars at z > 8 may be selected from $Euclid\ OYJH$ photometry alone, but selection over the redshift interval 7 < z < 8 is greatly improved by the addition of z-band data from, e.g., Pan-STARRS and LSST. We calculate predicted quasar yields for the assumed values of the rate of decline of the QLF beyond z = 6. If the decline of the QLF accelerates beyond z = 6, with $k$ = −0.92, Euclid should nevertheless find over 100 quasars with 7.0 < z < 7.5, and $\sim$25 quasars beyond the current record of z = 7.5, including $\sim$8 beyond z = 8.0. The first Euclid quasars at z > 7.5 should be found in the DR1 data release, expected in 2024. It will be possible to determine the bright-end slope of the QLF, 7 < z < 8, $M_{1450}$ < −25, using 8 m class telescopes to confirm candidates, but follow-up with JWST or E-ELT will be required to measure the faint-end slope. Contamination of the candidate lists is predicted to be modest even at $J_{AB}$$\sim$ 23. The precision with which k can be determined over 7 < z < 8 depends on the value of $k$, but assuming k = −0.72 it can be measured to a 1$\sigma$ uncertainty of 0.07.

Keywords : surveys quasars: general methods: statistical

Document type :

Journal articles

Domain :

Physics [physics] / Astrophysics [astro-ph]

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