An integrated archaeometallurgical typology of architectural crampons as a method for reconstructing the iron economy of Angkor, Cambodia (10th to 13th c.)

Abstract : The Khmer Empire, based at the UNESCO World Heritage site of Angkor in Cambodia, rapidly extended their political influence across mainland Southeast Asia between the 11th and 13th c. AD. Traditionally, Angkor's power base is attributed to an elaborate bureaucratic system, regional centres, and road system. Lack of key resources around the capital suggests this network provided materials necessary to enhance a broad range of activities (e.g. construction efficiency, military capability,…). Iron with its technological characteristics and universal utility is known as being one of the most dynamic materials for facilitating social transformation. Reconstructing how iron was managed in the Khmer empire is therefore a critical perspective for drawing a socioeconomic context in terms of development of states and polities. The international IRANGKOR project was established to investigate the diachronic organization of iron consumption and distribution practices. In combination with the INDAP project, which focuses on the evidence of iron production, our broader aim is to address the overall impact that iron played in the processes of Angkorian state-building during this time period.