P. Abolmasov and J. Poutanen, MNRAS, vol.464, p.152, 2017.

F. Acero, M. Ackermann, and M. Ajello, ApJS, vol.218, p.23, 2015.

M. Ackermann, R. Anantua, and K. Asano, ApJ, vol.824, p.20, 2016.

J. Aleksic, L. A. Antonelli, and P. Antoranz, A&A, vol.530, p.4, 2011.

J. Aleksic, S. Ansoldi, and L. A. Antonelli, A&A, vol.567, p.41, 2014.

G. Amelino-camelia, Living Rev. Relativ, vol.16, p.5, 2013.

S. Archambault, A. Archer, and W. Benbow, AJ, vol.151, p.142, 2016.

K. A. Arnaud, ASPC, vol.101, p.17, 1996.

W. B. Atwood, A. A. Abdo, and M. Ackermann, ApJ, vol.698, p.1071, 2009.

A. Barnacka, R. Moderski, B. Behera, P. Brun, and S. Wagner, A&A, vol.567, p.113, 2014.

S. D. Barthelmy, L. M. Barbier, and J. R. Cummings, Space Sci. Rev, vol.120, p.143, 2005.

C. L. Bennet, D. Larson, and J. L. Weiland, ApJ, vol.794, p.135, 2014.

M. C. Bentz, B. M. Peterson, and H. Netzer, ApJ, vol.697, p.160, 2009.

R. Blandford and M. J. Rees, MNRAS, vol.169, p.395, 1974.

E. Bonning, C. M. Urry, and C. Bailyn, ApJ, vol.756, p.13, 2012.

E. Bottacini, M. Böttcher, and E. Pian, ApJ, vol.832, p.17, 2016.

M. Böttcher, Ap&SS, vol.309, p.95, 2007.

M. Böttcher and P. Els, ApJ, vol.821, p.102, 2016.

M. Böttcher, A. Reimer, and A. Marscher, ApJ, vol.703, p.1168, 2009.

E. M. Burbidge and F. D. Rosenberg, ApJ, vol.142, p.1673, 1965.

D. N. Burrows, J. E. Hill, and J. A. Nousek, Space Sci. Rev, vol.120, p.165, 2005.

M. Cerruti, M. Böttcher, and N. Chakraborty, AIP Conf. Proc, vol.1792, p.50029, 2017.

X. Chen, M. Pohl, and M. Böttcher, MNRAS, vol.447, p.530, 2015.

L. Costamente, S. Cutini, G. Tosti, E. Antolini, and A. Tramacere, MNRAS, vol.477, p.4749, 2018.

M. De-naurois and L. Rolland, Astropart. Phys, vol.32, p.231, 2009.

C. Diltz and M. Böttcher, J. High Energy Astrophys, vol.1, p.63, 2014.

C. Diltz and M. Böttcher, ApJ, vol.826, p.54, 2016.

E. Dwek and F. Krennrich, Astropart. Phys, vol.43, p.112, 2013.

G. J. Feldman and R. D. Cousins, Phys. Rev. D, vol.57, p.3873, 1998.

J. D. Finke, ApJ, vol.830, p.94, 2016.

A. Franceschini, G. Rodighiero, and M. Vaccari, A&A, vol.487, p.837, 2008.

N. Gehrels, G. Chincarini, and P. Giommi, ApJ, vol.611, p.1005, 2004.

G. Ghisellini, F. Tavecchio, and M. Chiaberge, A&A, vol.432, p.401, 2005.

D. Giannios, MNRAS, vol.431, p.355, 2013.

P. Giommi, A. J. Blustin, and M. Capalbi, A&A, vol.456, p.911, 2006.

J. N. Gonzalez-perez, M. R. Kidger, and F. Martin-luiz, AJ, vol.122, p.2055, 2001.

R. C. Hartman, D. L. Bertsch, and S. D. Bloom, ApJS, vol.123, p.79, 1999.

M. Hauser, C. Möllenhoff, and G. Pühlhofer, Astron. Nachr, vol.325, p.659, 2004.

M. Hayashida, G. M. Madejski, and K. Nalewajko, ApJ, vol.754, p.114, 2012.

M. Hayashida, K. Nalewajko, and G. M. Madejski, ApJ, vol.807, p.79, 2015.

F. A. Aharonian, A&A, vol.457, p.899, 2006.

A. Abramowski, Astropart. Phys, vol.34, p.738, 2011.

A. Abramowski, A&A, vol.564, p.9, 2014.

A. Abramowski, ApJ, vol.802, p.65, 2015.

H. Abdalla, A&A, vol.600, p.89, 2017.

H. Abdalla, ApJ, vol.870, p.93, 2019.

M. Holler, A. Balzer, and R. Chalme-calvet, Proc. 34th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015), 2015.

, Science, vol.342, p.1242856, 2013.

P. M. Kalberla, W. B. Burton, and D. Hartmann, A&A, vol.440, p.775, 2005.

S. Kaspi, W. N. Brandt, and D. Maoz, ApJ, vol.659, p.997, 2007.

T. Li and Y. Ma, ApJ, vol.272, p.317, 1983.

M. L. Lister, M. F. Aller, and H. D. Aller, AJ, vol.146, p.120, 2013.

Y. Liu, D. R. Jiang, M. F. Gu, and J. Albert, Science, vol.637, p.9, 2006.

A. P. Marscher, ApJ, vol.780, p.87, 2014.

M. Martínez and M. Errando, Astropart. Phys, vol.31, p.226, 2009.

P. Marziani, J. W. Sulentic, D. Dultzin-hacyan, M. Calvani, and M. Moles, ApJS, vol.104, p.37, 1996.

J. R. Mattox, D. L. Bertsch, and J. Chiang, ApJ, vol.461, p.396, 1996.

M. Meyer, J. Scargle, and R. Blandford, ApJ, vol.877, p.39, 2019.

H. Netzer, ARA&A, vol.53, p.365, 2015.

L. Nogues, T. T. Lin, and C. Perennes, PoS, vol.2017, p.646, 2017.

V. S. Paliya, ApJ, vol.808, p.48, 2015.

V. S. Paliya, S. Sahayanathan, and C. S. Stalin, ApJ, vol.803, p.15, 2015.

R. D. Parsons and J. A. Hinton, Astropart. Phys, vol.56, p.26, 2014.

R. D. Parsons, T. Murach, and M. Gajdos, Proc. 34th Int. Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015), 2015.

M. Petropoulou, K. Nalewajko, M. Hayashida, and A. Mastichiadis, MNRAS, vol.467, p.16, 2017.

T. S. Poole, A. A. Breeveld, and M. J. Page, MNRAS, vol.383, p.627, 2008.

P. W. Roming, T. E. Kennedy, and K. O. Mason, Space Sci. Rev, vol.120, p.95, 2005.

E. F. Schlafly and D. P. Finkbeiner, ApJ, vol.737, p.103, 2011.

N. I. Shakura and R. A. Sunyaev, A&A, vol.24, p.337, 1973.

V. Vasileiou, A. Jacholkowska, and F. Prion, Phys. Rev. D, vol.87, p.122001, 2013.

S. Vercellone, E. Striani, and V. Vittorini, ApJ, vol.736, p.38, 2011.

V. Vittorini, M. Tavani, and A. Cavaliere, ApJ, p.23, 2017.

M. Weidinger and F. Spanier, A&A, vol.573, p.7, 2015.

M. Zacharias, J. Sitarek, and D. Dominis-prester, PoS, vol.2017, p.655, 2017.

M. Zacharias, M. Böttcher, and F. Jankowsky, ApJ, vol.871, p.19, 2019.

A. A. Zdziarski and M. Böttcher, MNRAS, vol.450, 2015.

, Luruper Chaussee, vol.149, p.22761

. Max-planck, , vol.103980, p.69029

. Heidelberg,

, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Place

, Yerevan Physics Institute, 2 Alikhanian Brothers St, p.375036

. Yerevan,

, Linnaeus University, 351 95 Växjö, Sweden 11 Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum und Astrophysik, vol.904, 92190.

, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, CNRS/IN2P3, vol.4, pp.0-478

. Aix-marseille-université, C. Cnrs/in2p3, F. Marseille, and . 20, Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej PAN, ul. Radzikowskiego, vol.152, pp.31-342

. Kraków, , vol.1, 2050.

U. Landessternwarte and . Heidelberg,

U. Bordeaux and C. Cnrs/in2p3, Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33175 Gradignan, France 25 Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik

L. Leprince-ringuet and É. Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut Polytechnique de, vol.7638

A. Apc, U. Et-cosmologie, . Paris-diderot, . Cnrs/in2p3, O. Cea/irfu et al., Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex, vol.13

. Univ, . Alpes, . Cnrs, . Ipag, and . Grenoble,

, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany 33 DESY, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany 34 Obserwatorium Astronomiczne, Uniwersytet Jagiello?ski, ul. Orla, vol.18, pp.171-8501

, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa City, The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), vol.190, pp.351-0198

W. W. ,