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Article Dans Une Revue NeuroImage Année : 2018

Insights into brain microstructure from $in\ vivo$ DW-MRS

Résumé

Many developmental processes, such as plasticity and aging, or pathological processes such as neurological diseases are characterized by modulations of specific cellular types and their microstructures. Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) is a powerful technique for probing microstructure, yet its information arises from the ubiquitous, non-specific water signal. By contrast, diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (DW-MRS) allows specific characterizations of tissues such as brain and muscle $in\ vivo$ by quantifying the diffusion properties of MR-observable metabolites. Many brain metabolites are predominantly intra-cellular, and some of them are preferentially localized in specific brain cell populations, e.g., neurons and glia. Given the microstructural sensitivity of diffusion-encoding filters, investigation of metabolite diffusion properties using DW-MRS can thus provide exclusive cell and compartment-specific information. Furthermore, since many models and assumptions are used for quantification of water diffusion, metabolite diffusion may serve to generate $a-priori$ information for model selection in DW-MRI. However, DW-MRS measurements are extremely challenging, from the acquisition to the accurate and correct analysis and quantification stages. In this review, we survey the state-of-the-art methods that have been developed for the robust acquisition, quantification and analysis of DW-MRS data and discuss the potential relevance of DW-MRS for elucidating brain microstructure $in\ vivo$. The review highlights that when accurate data on the diffusion of multiple metabolites is combined with accurate computational and geometrical modeling, DW-MRS can provide unique cell-specific information on the intracellular structure of brain tissue, in health and disease, which could serve as incentives for further application $in\ vivo$ in human research and clinical MRI.
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Dates et versions

cea-02155345 , version 1 (13-06-2019)

Identifiants

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Marco Palombo, Noam Shemesh, Itamar Ronen, Julien Valette. Insights into brain microstructure from $in\ vivo$ DW-MRS. NeuroImage, 2018, 182, pp.97-116. ⟨10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.11.028⟩. ⟨cea-02155345⟩
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