Altered enhancer transcription underlies Huntington’s disease striatal transcriptional signature
Résumé
Epigenetic and transcriptional alterations are both implicated in Huntington’s disease (HD), a
progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting in degeneration of striatal neurons in the brain.
However, how impaired epigenetic regulation leads to transcriptional dysregulation in HD is unclear.
Here, we investigated enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), a class of long non-coding RNAs transcribed from
active enhancers. We found that eRNAs are expressed from many enhancers of mouse striatum and
showed that a subset of those eRNAs are deregulated in HD vs control mouse striatum. Enhancer
regions producing eRNAs decreased in HD mouse striatum were associated with genes involved in
striatal neuron identity. Consistently, they were enriched in striatal super-enhancers. Moreover,
decreased eRNA expression in HD mouse striatum correlated with down-regulation of associated
genes. Additionally, a significant number of RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) binding sites were lost within
enhancers associated with decreased eRNAs in HD vs control mouse striatum. Together, this indicates
that loss of RNAPII at HD mouse enhancers contributes to reduced transcription of eRNAs, resulting
in down-regulation of target genes. Thus, our data support the view that eRNA dysregulation in HD
striatum is a key mechanism leading to altered transcription of striatal neuron identity genes, through
reduced recruitment of RNAPII at super-enhancers
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