Entropy Production in Field Theories without Time-Reversal Symmetry: Quantifying the Non-Equilibrium Character of Active Matter - Archive ouverte HAL Access content directly
Journal Articles Physical Review X Year : 2017

## Entropy Production in Field Theories without Time-Reversal Symmetry: Quantifying the Non-Equilibrium Character of Active Matter

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Etienne Fodor
• Function : Author
• PersonId : 986238
Elsen Tjhung
• Function : Author
• PersonId : 965564
Frédéric van Wijland
Julien Tailleur

#### Abstract

Active-matter systems operate far from equilibrium because of the continuous energy injection at the scale of constituent particles. At larger scales, described by coarse-grained models, the global entropy production rate $S$ quantifies the probability ratio of forward and reversed dynamics and hence the importance of irreversibility at such scales: It vanishes whenever the coarse-grained dynamics of the active system reduces to that of an effective equilibrium model. We evaluate $S$ for a class of scalar stochastic field theories describing the coarse-grained density of self-propelled particles without alignment interactions, capturing such key phenomena as motility-induced phase separation. We show how the entropy production can be decomposed locally (in real space) or spectrally (in Fourier space), allowing detailed examination of the spatial structure and correlations that underly departures from equilibrium. For phase-separated systems, the local entropy production is concentrated mainly on interfaces, with a bulk contribution that tends to zero in the weak-noise limit. In homogeneous states, we find a generalized Harada-Sasa relation that directly expresses the entropy production in terms of the wave-vector-dependent deviation from the fluctuation-dissipation relation between response functions and correlators. We discuss extensions to the case where the particle density is coupled to a momentum-conserving solvent and to situations where the particle current, rather than the density, should be chosen as the dynamical field. We expect the new conceptual tools developed here to be broadly useful in the context of active matter, allowing one to distinguish when and where activity plays an essential role in the dynamics.

#### Domains

Physics [physics]
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### Dates and versions

cea-01596276 , version 1 (27-09-2017)

### Identifiers

• HAL Id : cea-01596276 , version 1
• DOI :

### Cite

Cesare Nardini, Etienne Fodor, Elsen Tjhung, Frédéric van Wijland, Julien Tailleur, et al.. Entropy Production in Field Theories without Time-Reversal Symmetry: Quantifying the Non-Equilibrium Character of Active Matter. Physical Review X, 2017, 7, pp.021007. ⟨10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021007⟩. ⟨cea-01596276⟩

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