A. Akylas and I. Georgantopoulos, XMM-Newton observations of Seyfert galaxies from the Palomar spectroscopic survey: the X-ray absorption distribution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.500, issue.3, p.999, 2009.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/200811371

K. A. Arnaud, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems V, p.17, 1996.

H. Awaki, S. Ueno, Y. Taniguchi, and K. A. Weaver, X???Ray Emission from Seyfert 2 Galaxies with Optical Polarized Broad Lines, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.542, issue.1, p.175, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/309516
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0006054

L. Bassani, M. Dadina, and R. Maiolino, A Three???dimensional Diagnostic Diagram for Seyfert 2 Galaxies: Probing X???Ray Absorption and Compton Thickness, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol.121, issue.2, p.473, 1999.
DOI : 10.1086/313202

W. Bian and Q. Gu, The Eddington Ratios in Seyfert 2 Galaxies with and without Hidden Broad???Line Regions, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.657, issue.1, p.159, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/510708

M. Brightman and K. Nandra, An XMM-Newton spectral survey of 12 ??m selected galaxies - II. Implications for AGN selection and unification, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.414, issue.4, p.3084, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18612.x

G. Bruzual and S. Charlot, Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.344, issue.4, p.1000, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06897.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00012948

M. Cappi, F. Panessa, and L. Bassani, X-ray spectral survey with XMM???Newton of a complete sample of nearby Seyfert galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.446, issue.2, p.459, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20053893

J. A. Cardelli, G. C. Clayton, and . Mathis, The relationship between infrared, optical, and ultraviolet extinction, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.345, p.245, 1989.
DOI : 10.1086/167900

E. Churazov, R. Sunyaev, and M. Revnivtsev, INTEGRAL observations of the cosmic X-ray background in??the??5???100??keV range via occultation by the Earth, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.467, issue.2, p.529, 2007.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20066230
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00135313

C. Fernandes, R. Mateus, A. Sodré, L. Stasi´nskastasi´nska, G. Gomes et al., Semi-empirical analysis of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies - I. Spectral synthesis method, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.358, issue.2, p.363, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08752.x

A. Comastri, Supermassive Black Holes in the Distant Universe, p.245, 2004.

A. Corral, I. Georgantopoulos, and M. G. Watson, spectral-fit database, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.576, issue.28, pp.61-215, 1990.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/201425124
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1402.3041

F. Frontera, M. Orlandini, and R. Landi, The Cosmic X???Ray Background and the Population of the Most Heavily Obscured AGNs, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.666, issue.1, p.86, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/519985

A. Georgakakis and K. Nandra, A serendipitous XMM survey of the SDSS: the evolution of the colour-magnitude diagram of X-ray AGN from z= 0.8 to 0.1, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.414, issue.2, p.992, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18387.x

I. Georgantopoulos, A. Comastri, and C. Vignali, The XMM deep survey in the CDF-S, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.555, issue.502, pp.43-457, 2009.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/201220828
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01135402

G. Ghisellini, I. M. George, A. C. Fabian, and C. Done, Anisotropic inverse Compton emission, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.248, issue.1, p.14, 1991.
DOI : 10.1093/mnras/248.1.14

R. Gilli, A. Comastri, and G. Hasinger, The synthesis of the cosmic X-ray background in the Chandra and XMM-Newton era, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.463, issue.1, p.79, 2007.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20066334

E. Koulouridis, The XMM spectral catalog of SDSS optically selected Seyfert 2 galaxies, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.586
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/201526515
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01430167

J. E. Greene and L. C. Ho, A Comparison of Stellar and Gaseous Kinematics in the Nuclei of Active Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.627, issue.2, p.721, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/430590

T. M. Heckman, A. Ptak, A. Hornschemeier, and G. Kauffmann, The Relationship of Hard X???Ray and Optical Line Emission in Low???Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.634, issue.1, p.161, 2005.
DOI : 10.1086/491665

L. C. Ho, Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.46, issue.1, p.475, 2008.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.astro.45.051806.110546

P. F. Hopkins, L. Hernquist, T. J. Cox, and D. Kere?, A Cosmological Framework for the Co???evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies. I. Galaxy Mergers and Quasar Activity, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol.175, issue.2, p.356, 2008.
DOI : 10.1086/524362

L. K. Hunt and M. A. Malkan, Morphology of the 12 Micron Seyfert Galaxies. I. Hubble Types, Axial Ratios, Bars, and Rings, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.516, issue.2, p.660, 1999.
DOI : 10.1086/307150

J. Jia, A. Ptak, T. Heckman, and N. L. Zakamska, SURVEY OF TYPE 2 QUASARS, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.777, issue.1, p.27, 2013.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/777/1/27

L. J. Kewley, M. A. Dopita, R. S. Sutherland, C. A. Heisler, and J. Trevena, Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.556, issue.1, p.121, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/321545

E. Koulouridis, E. Koulouridis, M. Plionis, and V. Chavushyan, The dichotomy of Seyfert 2 galaxies: intrinsic differences and evolution, Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol.570, issue.639, pp.72-109, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/201424622

E. Koulouridis, V. Chavushyan, and M. Plionis, Galaxies: The Active Galactic Nucleus???Starburst Connection, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.651, issue.1, p.93, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/507070

M. Krumpe, G. Lamer, and A. Corral, X-ray absorption in distant type??II QSOs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.483, issue.2, p.415, 2008.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20079012

S. M. Lamassa, T. Yaqoob, and A. F. Ptak, DELVING INTO X-RAY OBSCURATION OF TYPE 2 AGN, NEAR AND FAR, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.787, issue.1, p.61, 2014.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/61

A. Lamastra, S. Bianchi, and G. Matt, The bolometric luminosity of type 2 AGN from extinction-corrected [OIII], Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.504, issue.1, p.73, 2009.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361/200912023

D. A. Leahy and J. Creighton, Monte Carlo simulations of X-ray spectra for internally illuminated spherical matter distributions, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.263, issue.2, p.314, 1993.
DOI : 10.1093/mnras/263.2.314

N. A. Levenson, K. A. Weaver, and T. M. Heckman, The Seyfert???Starburst Connection in X???Rays. II. Results and Implications, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.550, issue.1, p.230, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/319726

D. Lutz, R. Maiolino, H. W. Spoon, and A. F. Moorwood, The relation between AGN hard X-ray emission and mid-infrared continuum from ISO spectra: Scatter and unification aspects, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.418, issue.2, p.465, 2004.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20035838

R. Maiolino, O. Shemmer, and M. Imanishi, Dust covering factor, silicate emission, and star formation in??luminous QSOs, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.468, issue.3, p.979, 2007.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20077252

A. Marinucci, S. Bianchi, F. Nicastro, G. Matt, and A. D. Goulding, THE LINK BETWEEN THE HIDDEN BROAD LINE REGION AND THE ACCRETION RATE IN SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.748, issue.2, p.130, 2012.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/130

J. S. Miller, R. R. Antonucci, J. S. Mulchaey, A. Koratkar, and M. J. Ward, Evidence for a highly polarized continuum in the nucleus of NGC 1068, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.271, issue.436, pp.7-586, 1983.
DOI : 10.1086/184082

H. Netzer, Revisiting the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.53, issue.1, p.365, 2015.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122302

F. Nicastro, F. Nicastro, A. Martocchia, and G. Matt, Broad Emission Line Regions in Active Galactic Nuclei: The Link with the Accretion Power, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.530, issue.2, pp.65-435, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/312491

F. Panessa, L. Bassani, and M. Cappi, On the X-ray, optical emission line and black hole mass properties of local Seyfert galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.455, issue.1, p.173, 2006.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20064894

E. S. Perlman, R. E. Mason, and C. Packham, The Mid???Infrared Emission of M87, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.663, issue.2, p.808, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/518781

A. Ptak, N. L. Zakamska, and M. A. Strauss, Observations Reveal Heavily Absorbed Sources, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.637, issue.1, p.147, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/498233
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.625.8041

G. Risaliti, The BeppoSAX view of bright Compton-thin Seyfert 2 galaxies, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.386, issue.2, p.379, 2002.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:20020170

G. Risaliti, R. Maiolino, and M. Salvati, The Distribution of Absorbing Column Densities among Seyfert 2 Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.522, issue.1, p.157, 1999.
DOI : 10.1086/307623

D. J. Schlegel, D. P. Finkbeiner, and M. Davis, Maps of Dust Infrared Emission for Use in Estimation of Reddening and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Foregrounds, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.500, issue.2, p.525, 1998.
DOI : 10.1086/305772

X. W. Shu, J. X. Wang, P. Jiang, L. L. Fan, and T. G. Wang, Investigating the Nuclear Obscuration in Two Types of Seyfert 2 Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.657, issue.1, p.167, 2007.
DOI : 10.1086/510579

D. A. Smith and C. Done, Unified theories of active galactic nuclei: a hard X-ray sample of Seyfert 2 galaxies, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol.280, issue.2, p.355, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/mnras/280.2.355

H. D. Tran and H. D. Tran, Hidden Broad-Line Seyfert 2 Galaxies in the C[CLC]f[/CLC]A and 12 ??[CLC]m[/CLC] Samples, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.554, issue.1, pp.19-632, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/320926

E. Treister, C. M. Urry, and S. Virani, THE SPACE DENSITY OF COMPTON-THICK ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS AND THE X-RAY BACKGROUND, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.696, issue.1, p.110, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/696/1/110

S. Tremaine, K. Gebhardt, and R. Bender, The Slope of the Black Hole Mass versus Velocity Dispersion Correlation, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.574, issue.2, p.740, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/341002

T. J. Turner, I. M. George, K. Nandra, and R. F. Mushotzky, Observations of Type 2 Seyfert Galaxies. I. Data Analysis Results, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol.113, issue.1, p.23, 1997.
DOI : 10.1086/313053

M. G. Watson, A. C. Schröder, and D. Fyfe, The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey, Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol.493, issue.1, p.339, 2009.
DOI : 10.1051/0004-6361:200810534

K. A. Weaver, J. Nousek, and T. Yaqoob, X-Ray Reprocessing by a Molecular Torus in the Seyfert 1.9 Galaxy NGC 2992, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.458, p.160, 1996.
DOI : 10.1086/176800

E. L. Wright, P. R. Eisenhardt, and A. K. Mainzer, THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER (WISE): MISSION DESCRIPTION AND INITIAL ON-ORBIT PERFORMANCE, The Astronomical Journal, vol.140, issue.6, p.1868, 2010.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1868
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1008.0031

Y. Wu, E. Zhang, Y. Liang, C. Zhang, and . Zhao, THE DIFFERENT NATURE OF SEYFERT 2 GALAXIES WITH AND WITHOUT HIDDEN BROAD-LINE REGIONS, The Astrophysical Journal, vol.730, issue.2, p.121, 2011.
DOI : 10.1088/0004-637X/730/2/121