Axial flux machines Branch&Bound Numerical simulation Piezoelectric actuators Maxwell equations Iron losses Hysteresis Torque Motor Adjoint Method GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Global optimization Rosen type transformer Optimization Electromechanical impedance Energy harvesting Electrical machines Shape-memory Alloys 3-D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Optimal control Electric motor Magnetic Flux Leakage Topology optimization Time-resolved PIV Topology Optimization Play model FDTD Hysterons Branch and Bound Algorithm Control Piézoélectricité Relaxation method Shape memory alloys Steel sheet Synchronous Reluctance 3D FDTD Lorentz force law Analytical modeling Shooting method Torque Accouplement magnétique PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Modèles analytiques Nonlinear modeling Shear layer Conception 3EP Morphing Minor loops Additive manufacturing PDE-constrained optimization Piezoelectric transformer Deterministic global optimization Paschen Analytical model Décharges partielles Permanent Magnet Sub-differential 3D Analytical Equivalent Magnetic Circuit SIMP method Ironless 3D finite difference method Actuators Modeling Magnetic field Heat transfer enhancement Interval arithmetic Optimal design Exact global optimization Modélisation Moteur électrique Partial discharges Magnetic scalar potential Modèles numériques Force sensor Post-buckled beams Turbulence Electromagnetism Aerodynamics Piezoelectric energy harvester Optimization algorithms Numerical model Smart materials PIV Finite elements Optimisation Boundary integral equations Thermic process 3D FDTD HYBRIDIZATION Piezoelectricity Design HYBRIDIZATION Actionneurs Inverse Problem Eddy currents Sensitivity Analysis 1D multi-physics model Electric Motors Electromechanical actuator Inverse problem Magnetic coupling